Realism:
Like
idealism, it is one of the oldest philosophies in Western culture. Aristotle rejects
the idealists’ notion that only ideas are real, and believe that matter is also
important but they are independent (ideas and matter). It emphasizes the issue
of experience, and that learning cannot take place through thinking and
revelation.
Methods:
According
to realists, getting the right answer is more important than the answer itself.
And this is based on the scientific method, which is done through observation and
experimentation. And for small kids, learning takes place through
classification, organization, and by play.
Realists
use the inductive method, and think that education will not develop if it is
not used. Since by following some idols, our knowledge will be limited and no
improving and we will continue to be lethargic.
However,
whatever the method used, it should come from systematic, organized, and
dependable knowledge.
Role
of a teacher:
According
to realists, the teacher is not necessary a person, it might be a computer, or
TV. And in all cases, his role is to teach the students everything that helps
them live and survive in the society. The teacher must present materials in a
systematic and organized way, and teach students to understand the information
and apply it in real life. Moreover, teach them why they are learning these
issues and their uses.
Role
of a student:
The student must understand the information
either from the teacher or can have a tutor helping in the process of learning.
And after understanding very well, a student must apply everything learned in
their real lives.
Aim
of education:
The
main aim is also to gain knowledge and reach the truth using matter. Realists
depend on self-preservation; they teach students to survive in the world and
get adapted to their culture and fit in it, and teach morals in addition to
that. Also helps them to understand matter and control it and not get
controlled by it. Moreover, realists emphasize the practical side of education,
linking every idea to real life and relate it to examples.
One of the main important methods of teaching they used and still used in the scientific field is the scientific method which starts with observation of the matter then experimenting, thus depends on matter. But according to idealist matter is not to be trusted and it always change so we can't depend on it to reach the true knowledge. This way improves many ideas and concerns in the scientific domain. Realists were not concerned with the teacher's personality, but teachers are role models for their students so they should have good personality to influence students.
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